大鲵肝茶叶水提液脱腥过程中挥发性有机物的动态变化

目的：探讨茶叶水提液对大鲵肝的脱腥效果。方法：采用感官腥味值结合气相—离子迁移色谱(GC-IMS)分析经茶叶水提液处理不同时间(0，5，10，15，20 min)大鲵肝中挥发性成分的变化。结果：与未脱腥组相比，经茶叶水提液脱腥处理5 min后大鲵肝脏腥味值显著下降(P＜0.05)，处理10 min后腥味值基本稳定。不同脱腥时间下大鲵肝样品中共鉴定出32种挥发性有机物，包括10种醇类、8种醛类、5种酯类、5种酮类、3种烯烃类和1种醚类。经脱腥处理后，大鲵肝中醇、烯烃、醚、酯类物质相对含量下降，酮类和醛类物质相对含量增加。通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)结合变量投影重要性(VIP)筛选出10种潜在特征标志物(VIP＞1)，包括4种酮类、2种醇类、2种醛类、1种烯类和1种醚类。随着脱腥时间的延长，蘑菇醇、2-丁酮二聚体、异戊醇单体、2-丁酮单体相对含量呈降低趋势，而正己醛单体、异戊醛单体、丙酮相对含量呈增加趋势。结论：茶叶水提液处理5~10 min能够明显降低大鲵肝腥味，通过GC-IMS技术结合多元统计分析可以对脱腥过程中大鲵肝挥发性有机物进行区分。     

810酯/古马隆树脂并用对氢化丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究液体邻苯二甲酸正辛正癸酯（810酯）/固体古马隆树脂并用比对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）性能的影响。结果表明：810酯的增塑效果比古马隆树脂好;随着810酯/古马隆树脂并用比（总用量12份）减小,胶料的焦烧时间变化不大,硫化速度加快,硬度、拉断伸长率和粘合性能提高,拉伸强度略有下降,定伸应力和耐热老化性能先提高后降低;810酯/古马隆树脂并用比为8/4时,胶料的综合性能较好。     

德国大学校园一览

一、德国大学概况德国高等教育历史悠久,其众多传统大学被许多国家视为大学发展的典范,并对全世界的大学发展产生了深远的影响。近代德国高等教育改革先驱者威廉·冯·洪堡(1767－1835)提出的“研究与教学相统一”的原则至今仍被推崇为大学治学的指导思想。     

The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Background

A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension.

Objective

To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China.

Methods

We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models.

Results

There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m³ in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.     

企业定额在建筑工程投标价格评判中的应用

将企业定额、市场价格信息体系相结合应用于建筑工程评标中,以评判投标价格是否低于成本,并分析了影响建筑成本的因素及评判方法的设计,探讨了企业定额、市场价格信息体系相结合在实际招投标过程中的应用。     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

The short-term effect of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in Tianjin, China: comparison of time series and case-crossover analyses

Background

Many studies have illustrated that ambient air pollution negatively impacts on health. However, little evidence is available for the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in Tianjin, China. Also, no study has examined which strata length for the time-stratified case-crossover analysis gives estimates that most closely match the estimates from time series analysis.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of air pollutants on CVM in Tianjin, China, and compare time-stratified case-crossover and time series analyses.

Method

A time-stratified case-crossover and generalized additive model (time series) were applied to examine the impact of air pollution on CVM from 2005 to 2007. Four time-stratified case-crossover analyses were used by varying the stratum length (Calendar month, 28, 21 or 14 days). Jackknifing was used to compare the methods. Residual analysis was used to check whether the models fitted well.

Results

Both case-crossover and time series analyses show that air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂) were positively associated with CVM. The estimates from the time-stratified case-crossover varied greatly with changing strata length. The estimates from the time series analyses varied slightly with changing degrees of freedom per year for time. The residuals from the time series analyses had less autocorrelation than those from the case-crossover analyses indicating a better fit.

Conclusion

Air pollution was associated with an increased risk of CVM in Tianjin, China. Time series analyses performed better than the time-stratified case-crossover analyses in terms of residual checking.     

氨基磺酸盐系高性能减水剂的研制

选用改性单体对传统氨基磺酸盐系高效减水剂进行改性,以提高减水剂的保水性、减小泌水率。主要介绍了氨基磺酸盐系高性能减水剂的合成过程,通过对反应体系的单体摩尔比、酸碱度、反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数的控制,合成了具有分散性好、泌水率小、流动度经时损失小的氨基磺酸盐系高性能减水剂。     

无锡市区基坑土钉墙支护水平变形规律分析

针对无锡市区内常见地层情况,首次对收集得到的市区多个土钉墙支护基坑工程变形情况进行了分析,获得了无锡市区内此类基坑支护情况下土钉墙的变形规律,提出了基坑变形参数的估计范围,并就土钉墙基坑支护设计优化提出了建议,对市区此类工程建设具有一定参考价值。